The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
他所采取的行動(dòng),根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì),而有所不同。
modify 主要用來(lái)表示有局限性的“改變”,當(dāng)用于事物時(shí),它所表示的“改變”,在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的態(tài)度時(shí),它僅僅表示略加修飾,并不含有很大的變化
The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
工業(yè)革命變革了英國(guó)的整個(gè)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
change alter vary
都含“改變”的意思 .
change 指“使改變得與原物完全不同”或“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化”,如:
The appearance of the town is quite changed.
這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的外觀變化頗大。
alter 指“局部的、外表的變化, 但特點(diǎn)不變”, 如:
This coat should be altered.
這件外套應(yīng)該改改。
vary 指“不規(guī)則或連續(xù)地改變”, 如:
Customs vary with the times.
習(xí)俗隨時(shí)代而異。
keep retain withhold reserve
都含“保持”、“保存”的意思。
keep 系常用詞, 指“使繼續(xù)下去”“使較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期地置于不脫離控制、掌握、照料或變化之下”, 如:
keep the room clean.
保持室內(nèi)清潔。
retain 較正式, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)保持”, 特指“保持使不失去或被奪走”, 如:
He has managed to retain most of his fortune.
他設(shè)法保存了他的大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)。
withhold 強(qiáng)調(diào)“保留”、“隱匿”, 指“阻止其離去或泄漏”, 如:
Fear made him withhold the truth.
恐懼使他不敢說(shuō)實(shí)話。
reserve 指“為一目的保持, 或保存一段時(shí)間”, 如:
A great future is reserved for you.
光明的前程在等待著你。
remain stay
都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動(dòng)。”
remain ??膳cstay 互換, 但它強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, 如:
This place remains cool all summer.
這個(gè)地方整個(gè)夏天都涼爽。
stay強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開(kāi)”, 如:
He stayed to see the end of the game.
他一直呆到比賽結(jié)束
ability,capacity,faculty,talent,skill,competence,aptitude
These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
這些名詞都表示某人具有取得進(jìn)步或成功的素質(zhì)。
Ability is the power,mental or physical,to do something:
Ability 是指智力或體力上具有做某事的能力:
"To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient" (Ihara Saikaku)。
“要致富,光靠能力是不夠的,還得看機(jī)遇” (伊哈拉。塞科古)。
Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth,development,or accomplishment:
Capacity 指天賦的,如生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展或成功的潛力:
"Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired"(Plautus)。
“智慧的獲得是依靠才能而不是年齡” (普洛提斯)。
Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:
Faculty 指內(nèi)在的力量或能力:
An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
能無(wú)誤地看出偽善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。
Talent emphasizes inborn ability,especially in the arts:
Talent 強(qiáng)調(diào)天生的才能,尤其是在藝術(shù)方面:
"There is no substitute for talent.Industry and all the virtues are of no avail" (Aldous Huxley)。
“勤奮及其他的品質(zhì)都不能彌補(bǔ)天分的不足” (阿爾多斯。赫胥黎)。
Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:
Skill 強(qiáng)調(diào)由經(jīng)驗(yàn)而獲得或發(fā)展的能力:
"The intellect,character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received"(Edward L. Thorndike).
“任何人的知識(shí)、性格和能力都是由起初的興趣加上后來(lái)接受的訓(xùn)練而得到的。” (愛(ài)德華L.桑戴克)。
Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:
Competence 指能做到使人滿意但并不一定特別出眾的能力:
The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
小提琴家所演奏的協(xié)奏曲毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。
Aptitude implies inherent capacity for learning,understanding,or performing:
Aptitude 暗指內(nèi)在的學(xué)習(xí)、理解和表演的才能:
Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics.
甚至孩童時(shí)他就顯露出非同一般的數(shù)學(xué)才能
形容詞 complete 和 perfect 雖然都有“完全的”含義,但并非同義詞,在許多情況下它們只是詞義相近而已。
complete 的含義是“完整無(wú)缺的”、“圓滿的”
He is a complete stranger to me.
我一點(diǎn)也不認(rèn)識(shí)他。(可以和 perfect 換用)
Before long,the noise dropped completely.
不久,那轟鳴聲就完全消失了。