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很少有人會(huì)否認(rèn)詞匯對(duì)于雅思口語的重要性，但同樣很少有人能在實(shí)際考試中把詞匯的重要性表現(xiàn)出來 — 不少考生在備考雅思口語的過程中，就會(huì)陷入這樣的一個(gè)怪圈之中。本文，專家力圖在四個(gè)方面論證詞匯使用的極端重要性，這四方面同時(shí)也可被看作是雅思口語詞匯的四種用途：

1. 同義詞/近義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及同義詞鏈的掌握

2. 詞性的自由變換，特別是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞/副詞之間的來回變動(dòng)

3. 詞組的使用范圍遠(yuǎn)大于單個(gè)單詞，尤其是動(dòng)詞詞組和形容詞詞組

4. 形象化、生動(dòng)化及趣味性的詞匯應(yīng)進(jìn)入我們的備考詞典

能做到以上四點(diǎn)的考生，就單憑詞匯上的一枝獨(dú)秀，也能在口語考試中贏得考官的青睞。下面我們通過真題實(shí)例來進(jìn)行逐一分析。

詞匯妙用法一：同義詞/近義詞 同義詞鏈

【真題實(shí)例】Can you tell me something about your student life?

【答題思路】雖然這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單到不能再簡(jiǎn)單的問題，但我們也不能放棄妙用詞匯的一次機(jī)會(huì)。從積極的意義上講，學(xué)生生活一定是exciting, interesting, colorful, impressive, stimulating, fascinating的代名詞。問題是：我們是否能在自己的回答中把這么多的同義詞/近義詞加以利用。

【參考答案】Well, my student life has so many interesting and exciting things to talk about. First, I have made a lot of wonderful friends at school, and we share many hobbies, duties and personal opinions. Then, there are a variety of colorful events on campus – almost every student joins a club, takes part in a social activity, or becomes a member of some organization. These events are not only fascinating for young people who like to explore the world, but are also stimulating in terms of developing our thinking skills and lifestyles.

該回答從兩個(gè)層面描述學(xué)校生活的精彩：一是結(jié)識(shí)了很多好朋友；二是有各種各樣的校園活動(dòng)。其間點(diǎn)綴的六個(gè)同義詞/近義詞組成了一條既結(jié)實(shí)、又豐富的同義詞鏈。

詞匯妙用法二：三大詞性之間的“零換乘”

【真題實(shí)例】How can a company encourage its employees?

【答題思路】公司鼓勵(lì)員工的方式有很多，《劍六》中專門有一篇閱讀文章，叫Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions，有興趣的考生可以參考一下。其實(shí)光動(dòng)詞encourage和motivate，就含有不少詞性變換的生機(jī)：encourage → encouragement → encouraging; motivate → motivation → motivational。能把這兩串詞匯用好，就已經(jīng)非常令人刮目相看了。

【參考答案】For employees to really perform well, a company should think about how to encourage them at the workplace. For example, encouragement can come in the form of a big reward for those high achievers, so that they are motivated to work harder in the future. Also, even a public letter of recognition and praise is very encouraging. Sometimes, this kind of motivation can go a longer way than financial incentives. Finally, promoting a good worker to a higher position with greater responsibilities is an effective motivational exercise.

三種不同的鼓勵(lì)員工的方法在這里被一一道明：第一是豐厚的物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（a big reward）；第二是公開的表揚(yáng)信（a public letter of recognition and praise）；第三是職位的晉升（promoting to a higher position）。其間展示的是encourage和motivate這兩大動(dòng)詞及其名詞、形容詞之間毫無障礙的自由切換。

詞匯妙用法三：“有權(quán)有勢(shì)”的詞組

單個(gè)單詞能掌控的范圍實(shí)在是太有限了，真正懂得詞匯妙用的考生必須從詞組方面著手。像have … in common, prevent … from doing …, be responsible for, be (more/less) likely to …, take … to the next level of … 等動(dòng)詞詞組或形容詞詞組，它們不僅應(yīng)用范圍很廣，而且可以控制整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及說話的節(jié)奏，將其比喻為“有權(quán)有勢(shì)”的貴族詞匯一點(diǎn)都不為過。

【真題實(shí)例】What are the main differences between living in the city and living in the countryside?

【答題思路】城市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活之間的區(qū)別是一個(gè)仁者見仁、智者見智的話題。不管你的答題思路是老套的、還是具有新意的、甚至是較為另類的，關(guān)鍵還在于你的用詞水平，特別是你運(yùn)用詞組的能力高下。

【參考答案】I hate to say some bad things about the countryside, but I do think that living in the city enables you to enjoy many benefits that are unavailable in the country. First of all, city residents are more likely to take the convenient public transport to work, to school and to shopping, while rural residents often have no choice but to drive their own cars and deal with the terrible traffic, parking problems and even car accidents. In terms of opportunities, the countryside also has the twin disadvantages of not offering enough new jobs and business opportunities.

這里的五個(gè)詞組中，有動(dòng)詞詞組enable … to …（使 … 能 …），have no choice but to …（沒有其它選擇，只能 …），has the twin disadvantages of …（具有雙重缺點(diǎn)）；有形容詞詞組be more likely to …（更有可能 …）；也有介詞詞組in terms of …（就 … 來說）。整段回答通過城市與鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)對(duì)比，來說明兩者間的差異。

詞匯妙用法四：形象、生動(dòng)、趣味

英文口語中充滿了形象化的表達(dá)方法，比如講成天看電視的人叫couch potato，喜歡亂說話的人叫a big mouth，工作剛上手叫l(wèi)earn the ropes，做了很多無用功叫bark up the wrong tree，裝作沒聽見或置之不理叫turn a deaf ear to，討人嫌的人叫a pain in the neck，等等。如果能在你的回答中顯露一二，考官一定會(huì)喜出望外！

【真題實(shí)例】Describe an interesting family in your neighborhood.

What kind of family it is

Who are in this family

How did you get to know them

And explain why you think it is interesting.

【答題思路】既然題目要求我們描述一個(gè)有趣的家庭，我們不妨多用一些生動(dòng)趣味的詞匯來突出該家庭的特別之處。很多Part 2的描述問題其實(shí)都是編故事，因此考生必須具備現(xiàn)場(chǎng)現(xiàn)編的能力。

【參考答案】The most interesting family in my neighborhood is a very large family of eight people. Can you believe that? Four generations living under the same roof! The most senior person in this family is Old John, who is almost 90 and whose potbelly and rosy cheeks bring a lot of fun to our community. His son Little John and his wife Mary are both nice people, and they have four children: Jack, Rose, Terry and Alice. While their second son Terry is a big mouth who is determined to talk your head off, their little daughter Alice is a real pain in the neck because her favorite hobby is play pranks on the neighbors. In contrast, the eldest child Jack is a yes-man, and he takes orders from almost everyone in the family – his father, his wife his younger sister Rose and even his 7-year-old son Raymond, who is a typical “l(fā)ittle emperor” of a big family. It is hard to miss this really interesting family because it is always in the spotlight by appearing on the community newspaper every other day or two.

這里以集團(tuán)軍形式出現(xiàn)的形象化表達(dá)方式給這個(gè)有趣的大家庭增添了無窮的色彩：live under the same roof（同住在一個(gè)屋檐下），potbelly（啤酒肚），rosy cheeks（紅潤(rùn)的臉頰），a big mouth（愛說是非的大嘴巴），talk your head off（把人給煩死），a real pain in the neck（令人討厭的主），a yes-man（老好人），little emperor（小皇帝），in the spotlight（備受關(guān)注）。因此強(qiáng)烈建議考生在平時(shí)多積累這樣的生動(dòng)詞藻，以便在考場(chǎng)中隨機(jī)應(yīng)變地發(fā)揮一下。

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