首先，一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性（unity）。其次，一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機(jī)的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說明。

1、統(tǒng)一性

一個(gè)段落內(nèi)的各個(gè)句子必須從屬于一個(gè)中心，任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請(qǐng)看下例：

Joe and I decided to take the long trip we’d always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.

本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是 take the long trip across the country。文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences，一個(gè)是 Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)Bella是不合適的。還有， Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)?？忌谒募?jí)統(tǒng)考的作文卷上常常因?yàn)樵斐鰅rrelevant sentences（不相關(guān)語句）而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個(gè)例子：

My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.

本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個(gè) irrelevant sentences，一個(gè)是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個(gè)是 My mother was a premature baby。

從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會(huì)造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴(yán)重了。

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